P first woman in space

1963 The first woman in space. June 16, 1963, on board the Vostok-6 spacecraft, Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to go into space. After 71 hours in space and 48 orbits around the Earth, she returned to Earth, having spent more time in space than all American astronauts combined so far. After her historic flight into space, she was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. The famous "Seagull" hid from journalists during the period of glasnost in the late 80s. Not a single interview! There were dozens of stupid messages in those days about how she was scared and asked to be taken out of the spaceship when the hatch was closed, about how Khrushchev would force her to marry cosmonaut No. 3 Andrian Nikolaev. A daughter was born from these two astronauts and they still hide it from people.

Valentina Tereshkova weaver. The decision to be the first to fly into space was the result of Khrushchev’s ambitions. Officially, Valentina’s biography is as follows: an ordinary girl from the village of Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl region. Her father died at the front. The mother took care of three children. At the age of seventeen, Valentina went to work in a garment factory. She had to earn money. On weekends she went to the flying club and jumped with a parachute. In 1962, she turned twenty-five and was selected to train for space flight.

After Yuri Gagarin's flight, all flying clubs are looking for female paratroopers. Khrushchev wanted a Soviet woman to become, like Gagarin, also the first to fly into space. At that time, Tereshkova was already the secretary of the Komsomol organization of a weaving factory in Yaroslavl, although her father died without a trace in the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939. Dmitry Yazov helps Valentina find the mass grave where her father, Vladimir Aksenovich Tereshkov, is buried.

The first set of female cosmonauts in the squad consisted of five women. But Valentina Tereshkova, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Ponomareva turned out to be the most suitable and reliable. Ponomareva had a higher education and participated in the All-Union Sports Flight Competition. Solovyova was a graduate of the Ural Polytechnic Institute, a master of parachuting, who made more than 700 jumps. Valentina Tereshkova did not have a higher education and she had a first category in parachuting. Nor did she have amazing successes in the preparation process. She did not always perform all tests perfectly. But the committee approved it for the upcoming space flight. There are several reasons for this. After Gagarin’s triumph, it was already clear that the future cosmonaut would have to travel a lot and talk about the achievements of the Soviet system. Val had such Komsomol experience. The second reason was that Korolev wanted one of the girls to go into outer space on the next “women’s” flight. And for this he planned Solovyov or Ponomareva. This was kept secret for decades.

On June 14, 1963, the Vostok-5 rocket carried Valery Bykovsky into space. Scheduled for s The next day after this event, the launch of Vostok-6 with Valentina Tereshkova went without problems. And here’s what Valentina Tereshkova says about what happened to the spacecraft in orbit: “there was an inaccuracy in the automatic program of the ship: it reacted quite the opposite to manual control actions. It left orbit with each orbit.” Tereshkova could not fix this problem and this Korolev knew. Only on the second day, with the new data system, the accuracy of reaching the planned orbit began to increase. “Sergei Pavlovich asked me not to talk about it. And so, I kept it a secret for decades,” explains Valentina Vladimirovna. “But now I can speak freely.” There were a lot of rumors about that. that Valentina found weightlessness difficult to bear. The spacecraft had only dry rations. In the end it turned out that there were many problems with the three-day flight. It was forbidden to remove the suit during the flight. On the second day, she felt pain in her right leg and lower leg. On the third day, the pain is already difficult to bear. Her shoulders felt intense pressure from the tight-fitting helmet. The itching on my head was unbearable. “I wanted normal earthly food - bread, potatoes and onions. Instead, there was only dry bread in slices,” says Tereshkova. She admits that she felt sick, but not because of a vestibular disorder, but because of food.

Another problem arose during landing. “When I ejected, I experienced quiet horror,” the astronaut admitted for the first time after 44 years of flight. “I was under the lake. An astronaut cannot control a large and heavy parachute that opened at an altitude of 4 km. My first thought was, Lord, now I have to fall into water."
The astronauts were trained on land in water. But they do not have the strength to stay above the water after many hours of flight. HER happiness was that she flew over the lake. On the ground, a strong wind dragged her behind a huge dome. She was wearing a heavy spacesuit that hampered her movements...

“I hit my helmet very hard,” Tereshkova said, “and got a big bruise.”
The doctors had to hide the bruises - a girl astronaut can’t stand next to the head of the country with bruises? Khrushchev did not force Tereshkova to marry another cosmonaut Andrian Nikolaev. This is a fabrication. Thirty-five-year-old Andrian began courting twenty-six-year-old Valentina a year before the flight. And five months after Valentina returned from the flight, they got married. A week after the wedding, on November 10, 1963, General Nikolai Kamanin wrote in his diary: “Their marriage will probably be useful for science, but I’m not entirely sure that Valya loves Andrian. They are too different: he is like fire, and he is - like water. Two strong-willed people, others.... “Ultimately, Andrian and Valentina lived together for 19 years. A year after their wedding, their daughter Alena was born.

In the late 60s, Valentina was fully occupied with social work: a member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, vice-president of the International Women's Federation. “The Iron Lady,” they called her in those years. Tereshkova was a strong, decisive and strong-willed person who gave the impression that she was pursuing a nomenklatura career with joy and pleasure.

But the truth is that Valentina became bored with party work, although she felt her responsibility. She did not receive a penny for her public work. All these years she worked as an astronaut instructor for the cosmonaut corps at the Cosmonaut Training Center, where she was paid. And there was a dream about a new flight. She tried to re-enter the cosmonaut corps. Tereshkova remained in the detachment, and in 1982 she could even be appointed commander of the female crew of the Soyuz spacecraft. "I'm ready to go to Mars even if I don't come back." But after Gagarin’s death, the “top officials” decided to preserve it. They made it clear to Tereshkova that Valentina would not wear the spacesuit. On April 30, 1997, Tereshkova left the squad as the last of the 1962 female recruits due to reaching the age limit. Since 1997, she has been a senior researcher at the Cosmonaut Training Center. “If I had money, now I would happily fly,” Tereshkova once admitted. “For many years she was interested in everything connected with Mars. It was the dream of the first group of astronauts to fly to Mars. “Oh, if I could do this! I’m ready to fly there and not even come back.”

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova became the first woman in the Russian army with the rank of Air Force general. In addition, she is a candidate of technical sciences. She has two grandchildren - Alexey and Andrey. On the roof of a red brick house built in the Star City area there is a weather vane in the shape of two seagulls. This is a memory of her conquest of space.

The Soviet poster, until about the beginning of the 1970s, is an outstanding cultural and historical phenomenon, with a very bright and rich visual language.

However, the special charm and value of the presented posters is the fact that they were executed “hot on the heels” and carried exactly those symbols and images that contemporaries invested in the space theme. And not today's interpretations, which to some extent pursue political and ideological goals, designed to obscure and muffle the role of a large and common country for us - the Soviet Union and highlight the more local interests of today's states that arose from the ruins of the Land of Soviets. And in particular, New Russia, which is 20 years old.

But we will look at the Big Cosmos through the eyes of contemporaries of those years. How did the artists of that time imagine and draw rockets? Was there the inscription “USSR” on Yuri Gagarin’s helmet or not? What was then associated with Space and Progress? And many other interesting details. All posters are accurately dated, according to the mentioned Catalog, and the authors are indicated. The posters are in strictly chronological order, up to Tereshkova’s flight. "Gagarin" posters make up about half of the collection.

The poster shows the three first artificial satellites of the Earth.

Do you recognize the female image? Yes, this is it - only 20 years after the stormy year of 1941. And the author is the same.

As you can see, one of the main images that was used in the poster theme is the hammer and sickle.

I wonder where the artist got the image of the spacesuit, 10 months before the first manned space flight? From fighter aircraft?

And what’s interesting is that the future manned flight is hinted at almost openly. There are less than 8 months before the launch of Vostok-1.

The beginning of the era of manned space exploration.

A very rare artifact - the very first poster, created in those hours when the appearance of the first cosmonaut on Earth was not yet entirely clear to the general public. So the artist was still dealing with an approximate indirect image.

And here is the very image to which we are accustomed and which seems familiar to us for half a century. However, the helmet is not yet a classic one - because by the morning of April 14, detailed reports from Baikonur, with details, had not yet been published in the newspapers.

The helmet takes on a classic look, almost the same as it was in reality - from Baikonur photographs

Whatever one may say, Khrushchev’s personality is also inseparable from the history of the space age.

Notice from what original image the space age comes. Now this is already in the past, but then the October Revolution of 1917, which released a gigantic impulse of new national energy, was considered the indisputable source.

The poster was created immediately after the daily flight of the second cosmonaut G. Titov.

The artist used, in my opinion, the most powerful visual technique - against the backdrop of planet Earth, the Kremlin’s Spasskaya Tower stands alone, turning into a giant state flag of the USSR. However, the rocket - as usual on all the first posters - is not realistic, but fantastic

Again the main, dominant image is the hammer and sickle. And the color is, of course, red

There are already four cosmonauts - the Soviet space program is developing very dynamically.

The rockets here are especially fantastic in appearance.

The poster was created for the flight of the first female cosmonaut.

This is only part of the space poster collection from 1957-1966. - about a quarter of the total. But I hope even this excerpt from the collection will give you an impression of that era. An impression unclouded by current ideology and politics.

Posters are from the collection of the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics.

Happy holiday to you, friends, once again!

Oksana Nikolaevna Molchanova

Wall newspaper"WITH Cosmonautics Day» .

A joyful, exciting, spring holiday is approaching

No time to go for a walk today

We are busy with other things:

For all wall newspaper

We make things together.

We painted the rockets brightly,

Let them fly now!

In the brave astronauts,

Kindergarten is playing.

On April 12, Yu. A. Gagarin made the world's first flight into space. He became the first in the world astronaut, flying to space. Therefore, April 12 became a great national holiday in honor of the pilots - cosmonauts and all workers who are working to create space rockets and ships.

Gagarin's flight space lasted 1 hour 48 minutes. During this time, he circled our Earth and then returned back.

After Yu. A. Gagarin's flight to many astronauts have been in space, among them were women. The world's first woman astronaut- Valentina Tereshkova.

And it was for this holiday that we made this wall newspaper with kindergarten students for astronauts, and also for all future astronauts from our kindergarten.

After all, the best gift is a gift made with your own hands!

I suggest you do this too wall newspaper.

For we will need wall newspapers:

Whatman paper or white wallpaper

Scissors

Colored paper

Colour pencils

Markers

Coloring pages about space

Inscriptions-poems about space

Children coloring coloring pages

circle poems about space

Wall newspaper can be any color

Create, fantasize, and let your wall newspapers will be different

Publications on the topic:

As part of the theme week, we continue to introduce preschoolers to outer space. We conduct conversations, read stories and poems, and consider.

Our children are still just babies, but they certainly understand the importance of their mother in their lives, and therefore they are preparing for this wonderful holiday.

We decided to congratulate all the mothers and, together with the children, we made this wall newspaper: First, we drew a beautiful, kind thing with a simple pencil.

Happy Cosmonautics Day to everyone! Cosmonautics Day is a date celebrated in Russia on April 12, established to commemorate the first.

The wall newspaper "Happy Mother's Day" was made with the idea of ​​animals and their babies. Under each photo there are poems about mom. On the poster.

There is probably not a single country where Mother's Day is not celebrated. In Russia, Mother's Day began to be celebrated relatively recently, since 1998.

Defenders of the Fatherland Day is the favorite holiday of all men. This holiday is celebrated not only in the families of veterans, but also among those receiving congratulations.

Showing publications 21-30 of 257.
All sections | Cosmonautics Day in kindergarten. Wall newspapers, posters, collective works

April 12 is a wonderful holiday - Cosmonautics Day. In that day in 1961 our planet was shocked by an unexpected news: "The man in space. Once upon a time space seemed unattainable, and now in just a few decades anyone will be able to go there. Maybe these will be our children?...

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Cosmonautics Day in kindergarten. Wall newspapers, posters, collective works - Collective work “Layout of the “Planets of the Solar System”

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Image library "MAAM-pictures"

On April 12, the whole country celebrates Cosmonautics Day. Our group dedicated a space week to this significant event. We talked about space, astronauts, drew planets of the solar system, looked at illustrations of astronauts, and used Lego to construct...

Popova Valentina It's so cool in space! Stars and planets In black weightlessness Float slowly! It's so cool in space! Sharp rockets at great speed, rushing here and there! It's so wonderful in space! It's so magical in space! Been to real space once! In real space! IN...

On a spaceship He flew in the interplanetary darkness, Having completed a revolution around the Earth. And the ship was called "Vostok". Everyone knows and loves him; he was strong and brave. We remember his kind look with a squint, His name was Yura Gagarin. T. Shorygina Every year on April 12 we celebrate...

Cosmonautics Day in kindergarten. Wall newspapers, posters, collective works - Poster “Cosmonautics Day”

Project "Space Distances" The goal of the project: to introduce kindergarten students to the Russian holiday - Cosmonautics Day, to space, to the first cosmonaut - Yu.A. Gagarin. Project objectives: 1. To give children knowledge about the Russian holiday - Cosmonautics Day, about space, about the first...

Goal: Formation of ideas about space and astronauts. Introduce the first cosmonauts: dogs Belka and Strelka, Yu. Gagarin, V. Tereshkova. Objectives: 1. Give children knowledge about the holiday April 12 - Cosmonautics Day, about space 2. develop children's speech, imagination and thinking....