Today, in the arsenal of any fashionista there is at least one red lipstick, but in the old days, when scarlet lips were prohibited at the legislative level. What is the history of a fashion trend in terms of time?

Origins

Historians cannot agree on who should be thanked for the creation and first use of scarlet lipstick. Some claim that the ancient Sumerians are its creators; many historians attribute the very first inventions in the field of beauty to them. And others believe that the Ancient Egyptians should be thanked for red lipstick. Residents of the Nile Valley, both men and women, mixed wax, red ocher and carmine to create the first red lipstick.

In Ancient Greece, red lips signified that a woman was a courtesan, who was forced to paint her lips this color to indicate her professional status. But in ancient Rome, citizens of both sexes, on the contrary, covered their lips with scarlet lipstick, emphasizing their status, despite the fact that the ingredients included in such lipstick were toxic.

Dark ages, but not for red lipstick

Red lipstick was at the peak of popularity in the Middle Ages and most women sought to wear it, regardless of status and social status. Wealthier women covered their lips in bright pink lipstick, while less fortunate girls settled for earthy shades of red.

Devil's Red Marks

Church ministers in the 16th century were categorically against the use of red lipstick, believing that bright lips were a manifestation of the devil. However, Elizabeth I had a different opinion, covering her lips with crimson lipstick, which in turn raised bright lipstick shades to the top of popularity in English society.

After 100 years, the situation has not changed: clergy were not delighted with red lips, and the color of English society - honorable gentlemen and beautiful ladies - used bright lipstick with all their might.

Ban on red lipstick

During the Enlightenment, wearing red lipstick in Britain meant publicly admitting witchcraft and being punished for it. But in some states of America, a man could officially annul a marriage if his wife painted her lips with red lipstick without obtaining consent from her husband.

And yet yes!

In the 19th century, red lipstick began to regain popularity. Guerlain began producing lipsticks with red pigment in 1860. But still, not every girl decided to use such lipstick. A new highlight in the use of decorative cosmetics is the appearance in public of Sarah Bernhardt with defiantly bright lips.

But at the beginning of the 20th century, red lipstick symbolized the protest of women defending their civil rights. So in 1912 in New York, suffragettes took to the streets of the city with bright red lips. A little later, thanks to the policies pursued by American cosmetology companies during World War II, red lipstick became a must-have for any conscious US citizen.

In the 70s of the 20th century, bright lipstick gave way to the leading position to a natural color palette, but with the advent of the disco era, cherry lipstick regained its primacy. Nowadays, for many women, red lipstick is a favorite and the standard of feminine sensuality.

How to choose and where to buy red lipstick?

Today, any girl can put her lips in red when going to the theatre, party, festive event, or perhaps even a date. Remember, if you want to focus on your lips, do not overdo it with eye makeup and overly bright details in your look.

If you are going to a restaurant or theater, opt for a rich, rich red lipstick. Tint your eyelashes and eyebrows a little, or draw thin arrows. Pinkish shades will be more appropriate for a walk or a daytime trip to a cafe, and fuchsia lipstick or a daring scarlet shade will help make you the star of the party.

You can certainly buy high-quality red lipstick from famous brands in the online perfume and cosmetics store bomond.com.ua. Online shopping is the best way to help save your time, and you can also save your money by receiving a certain percentage of the purchase amount to your account.

Anyone can conquer and make you fall in love with red lipstick!

Doctor of Medicine, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation

The red border of the lips is a unique anatomical formation, which is a kind of “transition zone” from the skin of the perioral region to the mucous membrane of the lips and the vestibule of the oral cavity. Therefore, this area is influenced by both the oral cavity and the environment.

Meteorological conditions, environmental conditions, bad habits (smoking tobacco and hookah, licking and biting lips, drinking alcohol) reduce the resistance of the red border epithelium; on the other hand, sharp edges of teeth and orthopedic/orthodontic structures, mineralized dental deposits injure the mucosal area of ​​the lips. In addition, the absence of sweat and sebaceous glands can be considered an anatomical feature of the red border of the lips, which also makes this area extremely vulnerable.

The need for hygienic care for the red border of the lips today is beyond doubt. However, when choosing products and methods of hygienic oral care, practically no attention is paid to lip care.

However, many toothpastes containing menthol have an irritating effect on the red border of the lips, causing a feeling of discomfort, and in some cases, burning and pain. Uncontrolled use of toothpastes for chronic diseases of the lips (cheilitis), accompanied by vague clinical symptoms, can provoke an exacerbation of the inflammatory process.

One of the obligatory items in the “cosmetic” arsenal of our contemporaries is lipstick (hygienic or decorative)... with a centuries-old history.

It is known that lipstick (it was not called lipstick then) appeared about 5 thousand years ago. There is an opinion that the birthplace of such a common remedy is Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.

The first “lipsticks” contained a wide variety of ingredients: for example, some consisted of tiny particles of semi-precious stones, contained lead oxide (lead oxide, which has a bright red-orange color), red ocher (iron oxide hydrate), cinnabar (mercury sulfide the color of blood, so-called dragon's blood), natural iron oxide (a substance with a bright red color).

All these chemical compounds gave lipsticks a stable, bright color, but they had quite pronounced toxic properties. Nefertiti preferred lipstick made from mother-of-pearl shells of sea mollusks, which consists of calcium carbonate (aragonite) and the organic substance conchiolin, capable of refracting light rays.

Cleopatra used cosmetics made from red beetles and ant eggs (the extract from them is rich in the pigment muscaruphine, which has a rich orange-red color), and fish scales were added for shine. Note that the latter is rich in pigments, which also gave color to lipstick: guanine - silver, erythrin - red, xanthine - yellow.

As the component composition of ancient Egyptian lipsticks shows, they did not have hygienic properties, but, on the contrary, led to poisoning, and after prolonged use, the lips became purple. Women of Ancient Egypt were not afraid to apply a mixture based on bromine and iodine on their lips; this gave their lips a bright red color and an original appearance. This remedy was called the “kiss of death.”

Cleopatra used cosmetics made from red beetles and ant eggs (the extract from them is rich in the pigment muscaruphine, which has a rich orange-red color), and fish scales were added for shine.

From Egypt, miraculous (as women believed) lipstick came to Ancient Greece, and then to Rome. One of the main opponents of using lipstick was Claudius Galen, who warned women against using dangerous cosmetics. The Christian Church also had a negative attitude towards any changes in appearance. In the 14th century, the Catholic Church banned cosmetics: a papal bull declared that women wearing makeup distorted the image of the Virgin Mary. During this period, the Inquisition had the right to arrest women who painted their lips for sacrilege.

The first lipsticks contained a small amount of ingredients, mostly coloring agents. The Egyptians proposed the use of natural plant waxes from palm trees (Carnauba and Candelilla) as a base for lipstick. Waxes are able to maintain the water-lipid mantle of the skin of the perioral area and the red border of the lips in optimal condition. Later, jojoba oil, rich in amino acids that have anti-inflammatory properties, began to be included in lipstick.

Modern lipstick is not only a cosmetic product, but also a lip care product. Lipsticks now include various moisturizing, nutritional, vitamin, protective, fatty and coloring additives. Carmine is widely used as a dye (the substance is obtained from dried pseudoscale insects of the Coccidae family). Waxes included in modern lipsticks provide the necessary consistency.

Also, some cosmetic companies use spermaceti to produce lipsticks - a substance that is obtained by freezing liquid animal fat (spermaceti oil) enclosed in the fibrous sperm sac in the head of a sperm whale. Spermaceti stimulates the regeneration of the epithelium of the red border of the lips. However, recently, due to the cessation of sperm whale hunting, the artificially synthesized main component of spermaceti, cetyl palmitate, has been used.

Lipsticks also contain exotic types of waxes. In order for the lipstick to maintain its shine and not melt, the previously mentioned carnauba and candelilla waxes are added to its composition. Carnauba wax binds liquid fat mass and increases the melting point of lipstick. Carnauba wax stabilizes the formulation well and is non-comedogenic.

Thanks to it, the lipstick does not smudge or spread on the lips even at high temperatures. Candelilla wax regulates the consistency of lipstick, adds shine and maintains its color for several hours. Candelilla wax is more heat resistant than beeswax.

It forms a thin film on the lips that protects against dehydration. In addition, candelilla wax has a slight antibacterial effect. Rose wax has a pleasant floral aroma, moisturizes and softens the skin of the lips.

Previously, lanolin and mink fat were used as a fat base. However, lanolin has an unpleasant odor and taste, which is why the modern cosmetic industry uses its modified components (acetylated, toxified lanolin oils and lanolin isopropyl ether). Mink fat is very close in composition to human tissue.

It is rich in palmitoleic acid triglycerides, which stimulate skin lipid metabolism. Mink oil moisturizes the skin, protects it from transepithelial moisture loss, and stimulates the healing of small excoriations. In the production of lipstick, hydrocarbons such as ceresin, liquid and solid paraffin are used. They are non-chemically active and stable during long-term storage.

In order to ensure the anti-inflammatory properties of lipstick, special additives (azulene) are used. Azulene is a substance found in chamomile flowers. It has an anti-inflammatory effect and is a mild antiseptic. Azulene makes the skin of the lips softer, more elastic, and eliminates dryness and flaking.

Lipsticks also contain various perfumes and ultraviolet filters, which are most often included in hygienic lipsticks. These lipsticks should be used during high solar activity.

The domestic and foreign markets for cosmetics offer a wide variety of lipstick compositions. Lipstick should be chosen depending not only on the need, but also on the condition of the red border of the lips. It is necessary to clarify the component composition and possible allergenic effect on the condition of the red border of the lips.

Literature

1. Bratoicheva M. S. Study of hygiene habits of patients with oral cancer in Bulgaria// Dentistry: scientific and practical peer-reviewed journal. - Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dental Association of Russia. - M.: Media Sphere, 2008. - T. 87. - No. 6. - P. 21-23.
2. Vorobiev Yu. I. Attention: oncology. Cancer of the red border of the lower lip/ Vorobyov Yu. I., Garbuzov M. I. // Dentistry for everyone. - 2000, No. 2. - P. 42-44.
3. Karapetyan I. S. Tumors and tumor-like lesions of the oral cavity, jaws, face and neck./ I. S. Karapetyan, E. Ya. Gubaidullina, L. N. Tsegelnik. - M., 2004.
4. Nedoseko V. B. Algorithm for examining patients with diseases of the oral mucosa and lips/ V. B. Nedoseko, I. V. Anisimova // Institute of Dentistry: scientific and practical journal. - 2003, No. 2. - P. 32-34.
5. http://sav-5002.narod.ru/lechebnik/L5.htm

She is already more than five thousand years old. In certain periods, people were tried and even burned at the stake for its use. But, no matter what, it is still popular, and is in the arsenal of each of us :-)

HISTORY OF RED LIPSTICK

ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS: WHO DOES WHAT?

There are different opinions about when red lipstick actually appeared. Some historians are sure that its inventors were the Sumerians, and women began to paint their lips 5,500 years ago. According to another version, the birthplace of lipstick is Ancient Egypt, where both women and men used it. They painted their lips with a mixture of ocher, wax, fat and carmine. Cleopatra, for example, used a mixture made from grated red ants and beetles. Sometimes Egyptian women painted their lips with cinnabar - this is a mercury-based mineral.

The kiss of beauties often became deadly.

When talking about red lipstick, one cannot fail to mention Queen Nefertiti. Her lipstick was made from mother-of-pearl shells. First luxury in makeup :-)

But in Ancient Greece, only courtesans were officially allowed to paint their lips. Their lipstick was made from red dye and unappetizing ingredients such as sheep sweat and crocodile excrement. In Ancient Rome, ladies from wealthy families stood out with red lips.

MIDDLE AGES: BEAUTY IS FORBIDDEN

During the bloody Inquisition, anyone who stood out from the crowd with a bright appearance could immediately go to the stake.

To survive, girls not only stopped decorating themselves, they sought to become invisible. Confirmation of this can be seen in the paintings of that time - people are pale, their lips seem bloodless.

The witch hunt forced red lipstick into hiding for a time.

True, there were also brave ladies who simply bit them to give their lips color.

Enterprising medieval girls found such a way out :-)

RENAISSANCE: BEAUTY RULES THE WORLD

The fashion for bright lips was set by the English Queen Elizabeth I. She absolutely calmly ignored the priests’ assertion that red lipstick was the work of the devil. And she painted her lips with a mixture of fig juice, egg white and ground red cochineal grains.

Rumor has it that she even invented this lipstick herself. The ladies of the court also followed the queen. Red is back in trend.

THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT: ON TRIAL FOR LIPS, BUT NOT EVERYWHERE

At the beginning of the 18th century, senior officials again changed their opinion about red lips to a sharply negative one. And the British government even legally prohibits lipstick. Girls who wear makeup are again called witches.

It's the same in America.

Imagine, a man could unilaterally annul a marriage if his wife wore lipstick without permission!

1800S: LIPSTICK GAINS A NAME

But the French court fell in love with lipstick. Not only ladies, but also men wore makeup. So they tried to highlight the lips against the background of the beard and mustache. By the way, girls, we owe the word “lipstick” to Cardinal Richelieu.

He loved apples so much that he always wanted to have them on hand. And then his doctor mixed a special remedy with apple flavor for the cardinal. He applied it to his upper lip so that he could smell his favorite scent all the time. As a result, the familiar word “lipstick” came from the French “pomme”, which means “apple”.

END OF THE 19TH CENTURY: BEAUTY REVOLUTION

This is where the real breakthrough in the beauty industry takes place. Red lipstick is becoming a trend.

In 1870, the French brand Guerlain launched the production of safe lipstick. It contains grapefruit extract mixed with butter and beeswax. The lipstick was placed in a case with a wheel, it was called “Ne m’Oubliez pas”, which translated as “Don’t forget me.”

Guerlain's first lipstick

The first to appear in public with brightly painted lips is actress Sarah Bernhardt. And she receives a flurry of negative reviews, because red lipstick is still frowned upon in society. However, the actress’s act becomes significant for the entire beauty industry.

XX CENTURY: CASE FOR SCARLET!

1900 - 1920 Feminists make red lips a symbol of freedom and self-expression.

Speaking for women's rights, suffragettes painted their lips brightly. This is how they try to draw attention to their movement for women's suffrage.

The signature red lipstick CoCo Rouge was presented in 1924 by Gabrielle Chanel. It becomes one of the symbols of the House of Chanel, and is produced to this day.

1930 - 1940 Vogue declared lipstick "the most important beauty product for women." The Great Depression is in full swing, but sales of this beauty product are growing. The term “lipstick effect” even appears. Economists use it to explain why consumers continue to buy small, "frivolous" products, such as lipstick, to lift their spirits in times of financial hardship.

And in 1947, Christian Dior presented the premiere series of 8 red Dior Rouge lipsticks, which instantly became legends.

Dior Rouge

This is truly the golden age of red lips. Actresses from posters and television screens show off with bright lips. Marilyn Monroe applied red lipstick using her own technology in as many as five layers.

And Elizabeth Taylor loved bright lipstick so much that she even demanded that only she have red lips in the films with her participation.

The queens were not far behind. For example, in 1953, preparing for her own coronation, Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain ordered an individual shade of lipstick to match her robe. The resulting red color was named "Balmoral" - after her castle in Scotland.

1960S AND 1970S

The popularity of red lipstick is declining; naturalness and neutral colors are in trend. Hippies set the tone for new fashion. But with the advent of glamor, cherry red glossy lips will return...

XXI CENTURY

In the 21st century, bright lips are even staged as performances. So in 2012, the Museum of the Palace of the Legion of Honor in San Francisco hosted a large exhibition “Man Ray and Lee Miller: Partners in Surrealism.” It reflected the history of the relationship between the avant-garde director, artist and photographic experimenter Man Ray and his assistant, a model for Vogue magazine. So, the exhibition featured a series of photographs and objects dedicated to the lips of his beloved, for example, the work Observatory Time - The Lovers, which depicts Lee Miller’s huge mouth hovering above the forest. Thus, Miller’s lips acquired the status of a real work of art. And this is just one example.

Man Ray, Time Observatory

LIPSTICK PRODUCTION

If earlier lipsticks were made by hand, mixing various components, today it is a mechanical process. Lipstick now contains five main safe components: lanolin (sheep wool fat), oils (castor), natural waxes, dyes and mother of pearl.

All ingredients in a certain sequence are placed in a cauldron, where they are mixed and then boiled for six hours. Afterwards, the hot mass is poured into special containers, where it cools for about eight hours. The resulting briquettes weighing 20 kg each are cut into pieces, melted again, poured into molding machines, packaged, cooled using a special technology and then placed in tubes.

LIPSTICK TODAY

Today, women are boldly experimenting with lipstick shades. On city streets you can meet girls with dark and even black lips, but red remains the most popular.

By the way, scientists have already proven that women with red lips attract more attention from men. So representatives of the stronger sex hold their gaze on a woman with red lipstick for 7.3 seconds. And the one whose lips are not made up at all is looked at for only 2.2 seconds. Let's paint our lips, girls! Who cares, of course! :-)))

Have you ever wondered what makes a woman's lips appear luscious and attractive? Well, of course, this is a luxurious color and texture of lipstick that gives your lips shine, volume and expressiveness.

Many women would probably be interested to know the history of the creation of lipstick.

The history of lipstick goes back 5,000 years and may have been invented by the women of Mesopotamia. They used chips of semi-precious stones to decorate their lips and even the area around their eyes. Women of the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed approximately 3000 BC, stained their lips with red clay, iron oxide (rust).

The ancient Egyptians used a purple-red dye taken from seaweed, with the addition of iodine and bromine. Because bromine was poisonous, it was called the "kiss of death." Egyptians also used henna. And to make the lipstick shimmer, fish scales were added.

Cleopatra's lipstick was made from crimson beetles and ant eggs as the base.

In the 16th century, under the reign of Elizabeth I, lipstick became quite popular in England. She introduced the trend of chalky white faces and blood red lips. At this time, lipstick was made from wax and red dyes of plant origin (dried flowers such as rose, geranium).

In 1770, the English Parliament passed a law against lipstick, claiming that the "artificial" women were witches who were trying to seduce men into marriage. They could have been burned at the stake. In 1800, even Queen Victoria spoke out against makeup and lipstick and relegated it to the level of women of easy virtue.

However, actresses were still allowed to wear makeup, but only on stage. In the 1880s, some actresses, such as Sarah Bernhardt, began wearing makeup in public.

At this time, the lipstick was not yet in the tube. The dye was applied to the lips using a brush. It was expensive and middle-income women could not afford such luxury.

In 1884, the first modern lipstick appeared in Paris, which was wrapped in paper and silk and contained deer fat, castor oil and wax. But such lipstick could not be carried in a pocket or purse, which means that women could apply makeup at home, but could not correct it.

Around 1915, lipstick began to be sold in metal containers with lids with various pull-out tubes. The first rotary tube was patented in 1923 in Nashville, Tennessee. This allowed lipstick manufacturers to offer their products in stylish and convenient packaging. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, hundreds of lipstick tubes were patented and all had the same function of rotating or pressing the tube to release a column of lipstick.

The 1920s are the era of dark red lipstick, which remained one of the most popular shades for several decades.

The film industry stimulated the demand for lipstick. Women wanted to look like Louise Brooks, Clara Bow and other silver screen stars. Brands such as Max Factor and Tangee promised women that they could look like movie stars by wearing makeup.

Photography also contributed to the rise in demand for lipstick. Since women naturally wanted to look good in photographs, they began to wear makeup for photography and then in everyday life.

In the 1930s, Hazel Bishop introduced long-lasting lipstick. At this time, lipstick contained waxes, softeners, pigments and various oils. During the same period, Max Factor created lip gloss.

Helena Rubinstein was the first to advertise lipsticks with sun protection ingredients. Fashion Vogue magazine declared lipstick to be the definition of the twentieth century and encouraged women to take its use seriously: “paint your lips as if you were an artist.”

During World War II, essential lipstick ingredients such as oils were unavailable. Therefore, lipstick was not enough. Also, the metal body of the lipstick was replaced with a plastic one. However, it was still in production. In America and Europe, makeup was believed to be psychologically important for women. Lipstick became a symbol of feminine strength during wartime. The rivalry between brands stopped and they focused on producing cheap lipsticks.

By the 1950s, dark red lipstick was back in fashion thanks to actresses such as Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor. During these years, the biggest brands were Revlon and Hazel Bishop.

Lipstick colors really began to change in the 1960s as trends in clothing and other cosmetics changed. Instead of the deep colors of the 1950s, manufacturers began selling light, matte lipsticks in colors such as pale pink, lavender and even white, countered by an emphasis on dark, heavy eye makeup with eyeliner and mascara.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s there was a trend towards more natural lip colors. But in the late 1970s, black and dark purple shades became popular with the punk movement. At the same time, glam rockers such as David Bowie challenged cultural norms with lipstick. Thus began the era of "manstick" (lipstick on men).

In 1973, Bonne Bell created a clear lip gloss with a strong, typically fruity scent. Glitter was a big hit with teenage girls.

Lipstick in the 1980s typically came in bright orange, coral, fuchsia, and red, which was paired with bold eyeshadow, mascara, and heavy blush.

Lipstick shades varied throughout the 1990s. They were originally matte and dark, contrasting with lighter eye and facial makeup. In the mid-1990s, browns and other neutral tones were more popular. Young girls used lip gloss more. Along with lipstick, lip pencil began to be used.

Also in the 90s, lipstick began to include trendy natural ingredients and more subtle formulas. Many lipsticks contained vitamins and herbs.

Today you can find many shades of lipstick from pale pastels to purplish blacks. Dark colors are more popular during the evening, while neutral and subtle colors are more popular during the day. The current trend is to use organic, chemical-free products in lipsticks.

Modern lipstick contains castor oil, cocoa butter, jojoba, beeswax, petrolatum, lanolin, vitamin E, aloe vera, amino acids, collagen, UF filters, and various color pigments. Women have a choice of lipsticks of various types (cream, liquid) and properties.

The history of lipstick is still being written. We will wait for new ideas from manufacturers.

The tradition of painting your body has come to us since ancient times. Scientists, while analyzing excavations, discover that the tradition of painting lips dates back to time immemorial. However, the ancient Egyptians are considered the founders of the invention of lipstick. It is known that the Egyptians took lipstick with them even on their last journey. Lipstick in those days served rather to make lips smaller and they were of a dark shade. In ancient times, both women and men tinted their lips.
In the Middle Ages there was practically no mention of lipsticks. Painting your lips was not accepted and even shameful. And only in the second half of the 17th century did lipstick appear on the lips of the French nobility. Moreover, as in ancient Egypt, it was used by both men and women. The composition of that lipstick included natural mineral dyes, vegetable oils and wax. At the beginning of the 20th century, lipstick was used only by women of easy virtue. Other women preferred not to wear makeup, so as not to be considered immoral.

Something more or less similar to lipstick in our minds was presented at an exhibition in Amsterdam in 1903. This exhibition is considered the beginning of the revival of this product. She was highly appreciated by the then famous actress Sarah Bernhardt.
In 1915, lipstick in convenient tubes first appeared on sale in the United States. At the same time, cinema became popular, and theatricality, which is impossible without makeup, came into fashion. Ladies yearning for cosmetics began to actively use cosmetics. During these same years, the now popular Max Factor brand was founded.

Fashion for lip shapes and lipsticks is constantly changing. In the 20s, bright, thin lips were in fashion. This trend lasted until the 40s. After the war, a different type of appearance with more sensual lips became popular. This trend has continued to this day! Today there is another good trend - studying abroad. Studying English in England is especially useful. It's an incredibly exciting process when you learn a language directly from native speakers. Find out more about this on the website www.esperanto.ru. Interestingly, in England the process of learning the language does not end even after lessons!

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