Analysis of the fairy tale by A. Lindgren “The Kid and Carlson, who lives on the roof”

One of Lindgren’s most popular works is “The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof” (1955) - an original realistic and modern fairy tale that is woven into everyday life, into a true story about a boy with his sorrows and joys, specific thinking and language.

The continuation of the story entitled “Carlson, who lives on the roof, flies in again” (1963) appeared in connection with the success of the first book and numerous requests from children who dreamed of finding out what happened to their favorite characters. Along with further development of children's characters, Lindgren provides here a satire on modern television and advertising.

The last part of the trilogy, “Carlson, Who Lives on the Roof, Appears Secretly” (1968) is a subtle and witty parody of the modern Swedish press and detective literature. It tells about the new tricks of the Kid and Carlson, about their faithful friendship. “...The best in the world, Carlson, with his manifestations of childish discontent and uncontrollable egoism, is truly irresistible,” notes the Swedishcriticism .

In Russia, the book became popular thanks to the translation made byLilianna Zinovievna Lungina . The first edition of the story in the USSR was published in 1957. The edition “Two Stories about Malysh and Carlson” was published in 1965, republished in 1968. “Three Stories about Malysh and Carlson” was first published in 1973, again in 1974. , and are republished in subsequent years. All publications of the USSR contain translations by L. Lungina and illustrations by the Swedish artist Ilun Vikland.

“I asked Carlson if he was a fiction...
- Well, what did he answer you? – Mom asked.
- He said that if he were a fiction,
it would be the best invention in the world.”
(A. Lindgren “Kid and Carlson”)

The immediate predecessors of the trilogy about Carlson were two short fairy tales by Astrid Lindgren - “Little Nils Carlson” and “In the Land Between Light and Darkness”. However, the hero of the first one bore little resemblance to the ugly man we know. It was a tiny nisse (the Scandinavian equivalent of our brownie), visiting a lonely boy whose sister had died. He didn't like tararama, and he didn't know how to fly. The hero of the second fairy tale, Mr. Liljonkvast, was also suggested to Lindgren by her daughter.

Where the house on the roof and the propeller came from is also not difficult to guess, given the writer’s passion for climbing roofs and trees, as well as childhood memories when she ran to airfields to contemplate airplanes.

Lindgren skillfully uses the favorite technique of fairy tale writers: the narrative grows out of a child's game, from the imagination and invention of a child. This technique is also used in such well-known fairy tales as “Winnie the Pooh and Everything, Everything, Everything” by A. A. Milne (translation from English), “The Order of the Yellow Woodpecker” by J. Monteiro Lobato (translation from Portuguese), “ Mafia and his cheerful friends" by E. Hogarth (translation from English), etc.

“The Kid and Carlson, Who Lives on the Roof” is an educational book. The child learns about the life of a big city, learns that in the world, which seems so cheerful and joyful to him, there are criminals, there are children abandoned without supervision. The baby grows up realizing that he needs to intervene more actively in life and help the weak.

Lindgren's book is not annoyingly educational, not apologetic towards adults, but very truthful and realistic. True, the Kid is sometimes too smart for a seven-year-old child and Carlson’s speeches are too similar to the speeches of an adult. Nevertheless, the book amazes with its subtle knowledge of the psychology of children, their language, humor and well-aimed jokes.

The story takes place in the 1950s in the central regionStockholm - Vazastan, where two main characters live in the same house - Svante, the youngest child of the Svanteson family, nicknamed Baby, and - on the roof -Carlson .

A fairy tale grows from fantasy, from a child’s invention. The writer never tires of repeating that everything that happens in the book is quite “ordinary.” Only Carlson, who lives on the roof, is “not quite” ordinary. Everyone - mom and dad, Bosse and Bethan consider Carlson an invention, the Kid's fantasy. Only the Kid himself has no doubt about Carlson’s existence.

Carlson is a small plump man of unknown age, lives all alone in a small house on the roof, and can fly using a motor that is on his back. Loves to walk on the rooftops and play pranks. Self-confident, considers himself “the best in the world” in all respects, as well as a handsome, intelligent and moderately well-fed man in the prime of his life. He likes to eat a lot, preferring meatballs, cake with whipped cream and buns.

The kid is Carlson's best friend. Real name Svante, 7 years old, the youngest child in the Svanteson family. The favorite and darling of the whole family, although before meeting Carlson he often had no one to play with. Most of all she dreams of a dog. He is a polite and well-mannered boy, although sometimes he can suddenly become stubborn.

Carlson is, indeed, the most ordinary, fat man, endowed with a number of negative qualities. But at the same time, Carlson’s negative properties are balanced by positive ones. If the image of Carlson in the book is stable, then the Kid is shown by the writer in development. There is a kind of internal struggle going on inside him all the time. On the one hand, he is fascinated by Carlson’s pranks and pranks, he is not averse to taking part in them, but protests as soon as these pranks cross the boundaries.

The kid, relying on images and associations close to him, supplies fat Carlson with a motor and a propeller and transports him to a familiar environment. The flying man lives in Stockholm on the roof of an ordinary house. In the family, everyone is busy with their own business: dad goes to work, the children go to school, mom is busy with the housework. The kid, left to his own devices, spends long hours in Carlson’s company. By pressing a button on his stomach, Carlson starts his little motor and flies out the window with a buzz. It's not boring with him. He knows everything in the world. He is “the world’s best rooster drawer,” “the world’s best brick builder,” and generally “the world’s best” specialist in all matters. Having committed some prank on his initiative, the Kid consoles the adults: “It’s nothing, it’s an everyday matter!”, “Calm, only calm!” - and at the same time refers to the authority of Carlson, who lives on the roof.

Carlson knows how to be not only childishly playful and spontaneous. At the right moment, he will show both courage and kindness, provide help in time: he drags the Baby who slipped onto the roof, brings a bottle of milk for “Gulfin, an extremely neglected baby,” and is not at all afraid when the thieves Fille and Rulle get into the apartment.

The art of Astrid Lindgren is that she, having given Carlson, managed to make thisimage image of great educational power. The guys play with Carlson, play pranks, but each of them, noticing his shortcomings, also sees their own weaknesses.

Carlson, who lives on the roof

In this book, Carlson meets the Kid and subsequently his friends - Christer and Gunilla. For the Svantesson family, Carlson always remains behind the scenes, so they consider him an imaginary friend, and for hisentertainment The kid rakes the healing pussies every time. The family sees the light in the last chapter, where Carlson comes to the Kid's birthday and greets all his relatives up to their ears in cake.

Carlson, who lives on the roof, has arrived again

The family is removed from home with various diagnoses in hospitals, and dad is sent on a business trip. Housekeeper Hildur Bock is hired to keep an eye on the orphaned Baby.K.O. reports that Fröken is not a name, but a Swedish name for an unmarried woman, such as Miss or Mademoiselle). Miss Bock has good professional skills in housekeeping and a passionate desire to get into the zombie box with a ghost story oncorresponding transfer .

The entire second book is devoted to Miss Bok’s sophisticated trolling with astral phenomena (which she is only too happy about), as a result, the ghost’s covers are literally torn off. However, Miss Bock still ends up inzombie boxer with a unique homemade recipe. The family recovers and returns; in the last chapter, the Svantessons and Carlson watch a live broadcast of a cooking program with Miss Bock.

Carlson, who lives on the roof, plays pranks again

The sudden displacement of the entire family from home to travel around the world and sports camps. Carlson is in danger - he was photographed for the newspaper and a reward of ten thousand Swedish rubles was assigned for his capture and delivery to the editorial office with the aim of...identification . The kid refuses all Turkeys and pioneer camps and remains to look after him. An additional bonus is Uncle Julius, who came to Stockholm for treatment. Miss Bock is hired again to take care of the “three bachelors”. Enchanting night trolling of Miss Bock, Julius, Fille and Rulle with astral phenomena (“Mummy”!). In the finale, Carlson reports to the newspaper editorial office and receives all the reward himself. Miss Bock marries Uncle Julius and becomes Mrs. Jensen.

Her wonderful book full of optimism and great human kindness. The work contains a lot of subtle humor, lively speech that conveys the characteristics of children's language and the writer's subtle knowledge of child psychology.

Astrid Lindgren's book is an example of cheerful optimism, multifaceted humor, and healthy romance. The writer, striving to ensure that the fabulousness in her works does not take children away from reality, does not forget at the same time about entertainment and sparkling humor - the necessary qualities of books.

Composition

Astrid Lindgren, twice awarded the Andersen Prize, the largest international award for the best children's books, is known throughout the world. Carlson, who lives on the roof and who got into the habit of flying to the Kid, the most ordinary Stockholm boy with blue eyes and pants torn at the knees, has long been flying to visit the Japanese, and the Indians, and the Albanians, and the Jews - everyone. regardless of nationality.

But what if the kids, reading about his pranks, start imitating him: throwing pots of flowers out of windows, or blowing up toy steam engines, or sucking up tulle curtains with a vacuum cleaner, or cutting up sheets to play ghosts? Needless to say, Carlson does nothing but play pranks. No wonder he himself proudly declares: “I am the best prankster in the world.” So is there a need for such a book, where children, as some strict uncles and aunts believe, are set a bad example?

To understand this, first of all you need to understand who he is, this Carlson who lives on the roof? The answer to this question is not so easy, because Carlson is a miracle. Yes, yes, a living miracle of a fairy tale, but a special fairy tale, without fairies and brownies, without magical transformations... And Carlson, like any miracle, has no reasonable explanation, nothing can be done about it, this always happens with miracles.

Carlson has a lot of different, completely opposite traits. And all these traits are well known to the guys, because they often noticed them in each other and laughed at them. Being capricious, being offended, lying, bragging, being a glutton - all these are typical childhood shortcomings. Those deficiencies that usually go away with age. It turns out that Carlson is the embodiment of all childhood shortcomings, shown in close-up. He is, as it were, their personification. But we can just as well say that he is the living embodiment of all childhood virtues: unbridled, inexhaustible fun, inexhaustible energy, inexhaustible curiosity, active responsiveness, uninhibited spontaneity, naive selflessness. He is also their personification. This means that Carlson is simply childhood embodied, shown in all its contradictions, overflows, struggles, with all its inherent sweet and at the same time funny sides.

Readers are gradually maturing. If at first they laugh at Carlson’s tricks, his pranks and pranks, then over the years they begin to laugh at him himself - at his shameless boasting, which is always revealed, at his naive lies, which are always exposed, at his immense gluttony, at his restlessness, impatience, resentment. And if these traits themselves cause laughter, then this means that the children understand the funny side of children's behavior, that they are becoming more mature. After all, Carlson, who, unlike the Kid, who moves from class to class with each story, does not change throughout all three stories, becomes for the growing children a kind of parody of their childhood, which is passing away, and turns for them into a magnifying mirror, reflecting the whole the comedy, all the ridiculousness of their childish behavior that has not yet been completely overcome. And this look at themselves, as if from the outside, helps them quickly free themselves from everything funny. After all, while laughing at Carlson, the guys, to some extent, laugh at themselves, at their own weaknesses and shortcomings. It turns out that reading a book about the “best prankster in the world” is not only not harmful or dangerous, but, on the contrary, useful. This reading teaches you to look at yourself critically and laugh at what is funny. It is very difficult to learn this, but without this skill it is even more difficult to move forward. So “the best prankster in the world” inevitably turns into “the best educator in the world.” And he educates with laughter. Laughter is a wonderful teacher, beloved by children, although it is merciless.

Saying goodbye to childhood, the growing readers of "Carlson Who Lives on the Roof" do not say goodbye to their favorite hero, because parting with him is as difficult as it is difficult parting with childhood. Many of Carlson's funny phrases, which people became familiar with in childhood, are not forgotten for a long time and can be useful in adult life much more often than it seems.

Astrid Lindgren is convinced that kind, smart, funny stories read in childhood, such as “The Kid and Carlson,” which reveal the wonders of everyday life and the essence of human relationships, will help young readers grow up to be good, honest, fair, and brave people. She addresses them with love and hope as tomorrow's adults, on whom the fate of the world ultimately depends.

Sections: Primary School

Unfortunately, today's children are less and less likely to want to read. It will help to introduce younger schoolchildren to the literary word, teach them to distinguish useful, interesting books that are accessible to them, shape their reading horizons and gradually make them real readers. extracurricular reading lessons.

Extracurricular reading program developed by Svetlovskaya N.N. has lost its relevance. There are no new programs. The teacher is given freedom to choose the authors and works being studied. However, in many schools, teachers have completely abandoned extracurricular reading or replaced lessons with formal reading diaries, in which parents write, so as not to fall face down in the mud, such an incredible number of pages read by their child that one is simply amazed. In my opinion, this is unacceptable.

The purpose of extracurricular reading lessons is to ensure continuous exposure to a wide range of children's works during the learning process.

The teacher independently determines the circle of authors whose work will be studied with children in class. It is advisable to choose works that are close and understandable in semantic content, allowing you to organically use musical accompaniment and easily and interestingly stage individual parts of the story. After all, as you know, literature is closely connected with music, theater, and fine arts. You can start with your children’s favorite authors, whose works they have been familiar with since kindergarten. This could be Marshak S.Ya. (“Cat’s House”, “Who Will Find the Ring?” “The Tale of a Stupid Mouse”, “Luggage”, “He’s So Absent-Minded”, “Twelve Months”), Chukovsky K.I. (“Moidodyr”, “Fedorino’s Grief” , “Telephone”, “Cockroach”, “Stolen Sun”), Nosov N.N. (“Cucumbers”, “Patch”, “Putty”, “On the Hill”), fairy tales by Perrault S. (Little Red Riding Hood, “Cinderella” , “Puss in Boots”, “Tom Thumb”, “Sleeping Beauty”, “Rike with the Tuft”), fairy tales by Andersen G.H. (“Thumbelina”, “The Snow Queen”, “The Steadfast Tin Soldier”, “Flint”, “The Swineherd”, “Baby Talk”, “The Ugly Duckling”, “Wild Swans”, “The King’s New Clothes”, “The Little Mermaid”, “ Princess on the Pea"); fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm (“The Worn Slippers”, “King Thrushbeard”), O. Wilde (“The Egoistic Giant”, “The Nightingale and the Rose”, “The Devoted Friend”, “The Happy Prince”, “The Wonderful Rocket”, “The Young King” ).

After studying the writer’s work, I assign one or two works to be read to the children for a week, then in class the children write a test on the work they read. When several works of the author being studied have been read and studied, I conduct a general quiz lesson, KVN, auction lessons, and invite children to dramatize excerpts from fairy tales and write an essay about their favorite work.

I offer tests for some chapters of the work Astrid Lindgren “Baby and Carlson”.

1. In what city did the Kid’s family live?

A) Paris

B) Berlin

B) Stockholm

2. How many people did his family consist of?

3. Why was the house in which the Kid’s family lived unusual?

A) Was very, very tall

B) The windows in the house were round

B) Carlson lived on the roof of the house

4. Where was Carlson’s house hidden?

A) Behind the pipe

B) In the attic

B) Not hidden anywhere, just built on the roof

5. On what day for the Kid did he meet Carlson?

A) On your birthday

B) On a bad day, when there is no joy

C) On an ordinary day, which is no different from others

6. Is Baby the boy's real name?

7. How old was Carlson?

A) Nobody knows, because he was a man in his prime

8. What did Carlson take from the bookshelf?

A) Some kind of book

B) Steam engine

B) Steam locomotive

9. What damaged the bookshelf?

A) Scratched her

B) Spilled ink

B) Fire on a denatured alcohol puddle

10. Why did the steam engine explode?

A) Carlson checked the safety valves

B) It just broke

B) Collided with a table leg

D) Carlson carelessly poured fuel into it.

1. Why, according to the Kid, can’t Carlson fly tomorrow?

A) He must fly to the workshop to lubricate the engine

B) Because they didn’t agree with him

C) Carlson is busy with more important things

2. What words did Carlson like to repeat when he did something?

“Calm, just calm. It’s an everyday matter.”

3.What else did Carlson boast about to the Kid that he had in the house?

A) A lot of books

B) Many paintings drawn by Carlson himself.

B) Lots of toys

4. What smell was coming from the kitchen?

A) Meatballs

B) Buns

B) Jam

5. Where did Carlson hide when the Kid went to the kitchen?

B) Under the table

B) Under the blanket

6. What did Baby Carlson give when his mother called him for dinner?

A) A car

B) Airplane

B) Cubes

7. What did the family see when they went up to the Baby’s room?

A) Disorder

B) A note from Carlson

B) Tower with meatballs on the dome

1. Did Baby introduce Carlson to his family?

2. Where was Baby’s favorite place?

A) On the sofa in front of the TV

B) Near the fireplace

B) In a chair near the window

3. What did Bethan offer the Kid for the favor?

A) Ice cream

B) A box of chocolates

4. What service did she offer a reward for?

A) Don’t show your nose in the kitchen all evening

B) Don’t turn on the TV all evening

C) Spend the whole day outside

5. How did Carlson answer the Kid’s question why he ran away?

A) I was scared of my parents

B) Didn’t run away, just played hide and seek

B) Should have minded my own business

6. Why did Carlson lose his temper?

A) They broke the turret and ate his meatball

B) They broke the turret

B) That the kid rebuilt his tower into a crane

7. What did Carlson need to improve his mood?

A) Compote

B) Flashlight

B) Jam

8. What did the Kid most want to see in the kitchen?

A) On the ears of a new friend Bethan

B) To a new friend Bethan

B) On the clothes of Bethan’s friend

9. How could the Kid see all this without breaking his vow to Bethan?

A) Peep through the crack of the door

B) Cover yourself with a blanket and enter the kitchen

C) Carlson will show this by taking the Kid with him through the window glass

10. What were Bethan and Pele doing in the kitchen?

A) We talked and drank tea

B) We watched TV

B) Kissed

11. Has Bethan caught up with the tent?

B) No

Carlson's house

1. What did Carlson compare Baby’s room to?

A) With a landfill

B) With the desert

B) With a palace

2. How did Carlson agree to help the Kid clean?

A) Sweep the floor

B) Wipe off the dust and put things away from the walls in the closet

B) Encouragement and words of encouragement

3. What lit Carlson’s house?

A) Kerosene lamp

B) Lamp

4. How should the Kid rest while cleaning?

A) Drink a cup of coffee that Carlson will brew for him

B) Brew coffee for Carlson

C) Sit on the couch with Carlson

5. What didn’t work for the Kid at first?

A) Couldn't start a fire

B) Couldn’t chop wood

B) Couldn’t get water from a barrel

6. Where did Carlson throw the garbage?

A) From the roof to the street

B) Into the garbage chute

B) He took it out into containers standing in the yards

7. What were Malysh and Carlson doing while sitting on the porch?

A) Drank tea

B) Looked at the starry sky

B) Ate dry cherries

1. What did your brother and sister get sick with?

A) Scarlet fever

B) Sore throat

2. What happened to the Kid?

A) He was sent to his mother

B) He was isolated from everyone

B) He was stuffed with pills and injections

3. Who calmed the Baby down when his brother and sister were taken to the hospital?

A) His friends

B) Carlson

4. How did Malysh and Carlson connect with each other?

A) Using the phone

B) By calling

B) Using a whistle

5. What activity did the Kid tear Carlson away from?

A) From sleep

B) From drawing a picture

6. What did Carlson complain about?

A) Overeating

B) Don't get bored

B) For bad sleep

7. What musical instrument did Baby Carlson give?

A) Dudochka

B) Harmonica

B) Whistle

8. Was Carlson saddened by the news that Bosse and Bethan were in the hospital?

9. Why did Carlson urgently need to fly home?

A) There are still many other things to do, he has no time to sit with the Kid

B) It is necessary to attach a muffler to the motor

B) I’ve been sitting too long, it’s late, it’s time to scare the thieves in the attic.

1. Why should Miss Bok be left alone?

A) Because she needed a break from Baby and Carlson

B) Because she cleaned the house and cooked dinner

B) Because she was making a cake with whipped cream

2. What did Carlson treat the Kid to in his house?

A) Baked pears

B) Baked apples

B) Applesauce with whipped cream

3. What did Carlson decide to exchange?

B) Broken broken alarm clock

B) An almost burnt out candle

4. What did the thing made by Carlson look like?

A) It was hard to say

B) To the birdhouse

B) On the ship

5. What should Miss Bok buy for her TV appearance?

A) New shoes

B) New boots

B) New insoles

6. Where did Malysh and Carlson find a place to watch the program?

A) At the table with the family

B) On the floor in front of the TV

B) In a chair in front of the TV

7. Why did mom scold Carlson?

A) Because he talked a lot during the show

B) Because turned off the TV without permission

B) Because crumbled the cake onto the floor

8. What did Carlson do when he ate the cake?

A) He began to throw the dish from under the cake up

B) He began to throw the plate from under the cake up

C) He went with the Kid to his room and began to juggle there

9. How did Carlson assuage his guilt?

A) Hugged and kissed mom

B) Gave mom a five-era coin for a new dish

C) He promised his mother to bring a new dish next time.

10. How many times did the Kid ring the bell?

“The Kid and Carlson” is a world-famous fairy tale story by A. Lindgren. The main theme that it touches on is the theme of friendship.

Features of the fairy tale "Baby and Carlson"

A. Lindgren's works are always distinguished by their special kindness and humorous moments. “Malysh and Carlson” is no exception in this sense. The plot of the story is based on a description of various episodes from the life of a simple Swedish boy and his unusual friend - a flying man who lives on the roof. Together the heroes find themselves in different situations, sometimes funny and sometimes dangerous. However, their friendship always overcomes any obstacles.

In the original version, the story consisted of three parts:

• "The Kid and Carlson, who lives on the roof."
• "Carlson, who lives on the roof, has arrived again."
• "Carlson, who lives on the roof, is playing pranks again."

In the Russian version, at first only two of them were presented, then the third was translated. As a result, the book was published under the title “Three Stories about Carlson.”

Proverbs suitable for the fairy tale "The Kid and Carlson"

Since the main theme of the work is friendship, it is possible to select proverbs that have a similar theme. There are many sayings in Russian folklore that talk about the need to be a good friend and value your faithful comrades.

These include, for example, the proverb “Perish yourself, but save your friend,” which emphasizes that the value of a friend’s life is much higher than your own.

A good proverb about friendship is “Friends are easy to find, but difficult to keep.” In the book, situations often arise when the Kid and Carlson quarrel for some reason. However, as a result, they still save their friendship because they truly value it.