It seemed that just recently the girl was gentle and responsive to her parents, obeying their every word, but today she is irritable and rude. Loses his temper over any minor issue, leaving his father and mother in bewilderment. All these symptoms indicate that she is entering puberty, the process of transitioning from a child to an adult. Therefore, it is necessary to know at what point these changes begin to occur, and what are the signs of adolescence in girls to be prepared for this.

Unfortunately, there is no way to understand for sure that the child has entered the period of growing up. There are no clear time frames or obvious signs. Therefore, mom and dad ask a logical question, At what age does puberty begin in girls?.

Most often, this happens gradually. With the onset of 10-12 years, she begins to change, to perceive the world around her differently and look at things, to react more emotionally to events in her life. Psychological changes are followed by physiological changes. Sex hormones are vigorously produced in the girl’s body, giving new shapes and shapes to her figure. The body enters the preparatory phase of maturation.

Next comes the active stage of growing up, when significant changes occur in the girl. The buttocks and thighs become round, the breasts become larger, and hair growth occurs in the armpits and pubic area. The first menstruation occurs - the main sign of puberty, indicating that the body has begun preparations for motherhood. Later, the menstrual cycle becomes regular and constant.

The opinion of psychologists about How long does puberty last for girls?, vary. It is worth taking into account the individual characteristics of the child. Most often, starting at 10-12 years old, it lasts until 16-17. Parents also need to be vigilant during this period. If any abnormalities occur, such as early puberty or premature menstruation, you must immediately contact a specialist to avoid serious consequences. You should not ignore the emotional state of the child. After all, constant changes in hormonal levels can cause serious nervous disorders and even severe depression. Which will lead to sleep problems, lack of appetite, low blood pressure and general weakness.

When do girls end puberty?

And finally, the so-called post-pubertal period begins, symbolizing the transition from adolescence to youth. It occurs at the age of 16-17 years, When do girls end puberty?, and the psychological and physiological formation of the child’s body is completed. The girl turns into a girl.

Adolescence is a special period in a person’s life. It manifests itself with certain symptoms to which parents should respond correctly. Children change their behavior dramatically and are difficult to control. However, this stage, although difficult, can be overcome without any problems.

There are techniques that allow you to establish normal relationships with children. Some parents will find it useful to read relevant literature to avoid the consequences of communicating with their child. After all, it is at this age that there are a lot of deaths, when a little person could not find support from his parents and cope with his own experiences. Many run away from home, trying to find support on the street. They become disillusioned over time, but there may be no turning back.

What is adolescence? Its other name is puberty. For a child, not only the feelings of life and himself as an element of the entire system change, his body is transformed. Why is adolescence called transitional? At this time, each person transitions into adulthood from childhood. Everything changes: the attitude towards parents, towards life, towards the future.

How long does adolescence last? Its duration can be approximately 4 years. Nowadays children are growing up earlier, so the transition period can be reduced by 2 times, but this is all individual. At what age does puberty begin? From the age of 12 and ends at 16. In each individual case, this time period can vary in any direction.

The stage in question is complex and somewhat dramatic for some teenagers. Adolescence is associated with difficulties due to a number of reasons. The most significant factor is . Teenagers are characterized by a high degree of sensitivity to how others evaluate their appearance. At the same time, they show independence, firmness of opinion, which is expressed about other people.

When adolescence sets in, children can simultaneously observe callousness, attentiveness, and painful shyness. There is a need to evaluate individuals who are authoritative for him. They want to be recognized and behave quite cheekily in many situations. Characteristic at this stage is the deification of the idol. They strive in every possible way to demonstrate their own independence, fight established rules, and resist authorities.

This stage manifests itself in the fact that adolescents are often not satisfied with their own appearance, and dissatisfaction with their own body appears. The child may experience embarrassment about his body; he is embarrassed to show it openly. Often children do not want to be photographed, although they previously enjoyed this activity.

All this can manifest itself due to changes occurring at the hormonal level. Restructuring of absolutely all systems and internal organs must begin in the body. Throughout time, there is a need for material, which is the basis for the construction of fabrics. Because of this, there is a need for abundant nutrition, but there are changes in appetite.

Other reasons

The characteristics of adolescence indicate that adolescents who have reached 13-14 years of age experience certain alternations of bursts of active periods. A child may be cheerful, but after a short period of time he begins to feel tired or completely exhausted. The period of adolescence is characterized by the syndrome of teenage laziness. At the same time, parents describe this so-called syndrome by saying that the child is lazy to do anything and reveals a desire to lie down, sit, or does not want to stand upright (leans on various objects).

Experts associate these features of adolescence with increased growth, so a lot of strength and energy is spent on performing certain actions. All this is reflected in the fact that the child’s endurance is significantly reduced. The manifested effect of the syndrome is reflected in the general condition and behavior of the child.

Thus, a teenager experiences some awkwardness, which leads to various breakdowns and damage to objects. These difficulties of adolescence may give the impression that the teenager is acting on purpose, but this is not the case. All negative manifestations occur regardless of the child; they are caused by restructuring of the motor system.

Coping with these changes is quite difficult, but over time, a teenager becomes an adult. For the process to be implemented, large physical costs are required. If you pay attention to the psychological aspect, then it is quite difficult for a child to live at this moment in time.

Adolescence in certain cases occurs with difficulties that are associated with a reluctance to grow up. It is laid down in his subconscious that he will lose his usual state, so discomfort arises.

About the possible behavior of a teenager

Signs of adolescence are observed in the behavior of a teenager. Quite often it changes very much and becomes provocative. These changes manifest themselves in rudeness. He doesn’t let adults near him and doesn’t want to share personal things. In addition, his mood often changes, and he also does not allow his parent to be close to him, for example, he does not allow himself to be hugged. Psychologists compare this behavior to a hedgehog who constantly pushes away those around him.

Late adolescence is even more difficult. Often a child refuses to clean his own room. Parents can observe complete chaos there, which does not bother the teenager at all. He also doesn’t want to hear about household chores; it’s very difficult to force him to do them.

Symptoms of adolescence are also observed in the fact that a son or daughter tries to anger their parents, which can ultimately lead to a scandal. At the same time, the teenager may not worry about this at all.

The crisis of adolescence in adolescents sometimes has a negative impact on the parents, since all this time they feel some confusion and cannot understand what actions to take. This whole process is painful for both parents and children, but all these symptoms can be overcome if such behavior is approached correctly.

If you reach adolescence, what should you do? Parents must respond wisely to such behavior. The teenager, with his extraordinary behavior, tries to develop his own approach to certain ongoing events.

The crisis of this age makes it clear that the teenager is under pressure from various parties: parents, school and peers. Therefore, he tries to start living his own life without outside help. Psychology focuses on the fact that a teenager is trying to tell others about his existence. However, problems of adolescence begin to develop here due to the fact that the child does not yet have goals in life, and emotional stability is also not observed.

About the development of a teenager's personality

How to cope with adolescence? In this case, psychology comes to the rescue. This science focuses on the fact that a teenager becomes an individual during this difficult period for him. Therefore, you cannot resort to any reproaches, humiliations or similar actions.

How to help a teenager during this period? First of all, you need to try to occupy him with something. But at the same time, you need to remember that the child must be perceived as an individual.

How long does adolescence last? For each teenager, this time may last differently, but all the signs are almost the same: the desire for maximum independence and refusal to accept problematic situations.

When adolescence begins, adolescents experience a feeling of excessive adulthood. At the same time, psychology notes that he has a new level of aspirations that does not coincide with his actual state. Transitional age and the peculiarities of contact with teenagers must be taken into account. It is extremely important for a child that his growing up is celebrated by his parents and others. However, if the behavior does not satisfy adults, conflicts arise.

How to survive adolescence? It is very important for a teenager that he receives and feels the support of loved ones all this time. But at the same time, the child may refuse care and other forms of support in every possible way.

What is correct parental behavior? This is building trusting relationships with loved ones. This process should be based on support and approval. The duration of adolescence will also be determined by how correctly the parents behave.

You also need to be prepared for the fact that the teenager will protest in every possible way, and he will not have enough adult advice. Communication will be accepted properly only in cases where he understands that he has equal rights with adults. The transitional age ends when a parent has a constructive conversation with his son/daughter. At the same time, there is no need to be rude, shout, etc. You just need to show in every possible way that the child is understood. It is necessary to share your own thoughts, experiences, etc. with him.

When adolescence ends, the child already gains the ability to think independently and understand various life situations. Interest in a child’s life should not be artificial or feigned. All his actions must be monitored and negative actions prohibited.

additional information

Regardless of how old adolescence began, it is recommended to use a certain developed technology to extinguish the emerging conflict between a teenager and adults. Not many parents know that when arguing with a teenager, they should not insult him or blame him for something. It is recommended to express your attitude towards the child, and only positive ones. This process should be called building trust.

In the first year of adolescence and subsequently, it is necessary to build a dialogue with the child as correctly as possible. For example, you need to focus on the fact that rude behavior negatively affects adults, etc. At the same time, you need to be prepared for a sharp response from the child, for example, that he doesn’t care. But this is just a mask, and sooner or later this behavior must end. The teenager will definitely remember these words and draw conclusions for himself.

A new period should begin in a child’s life, and it should not be supported by any insults or other negative emotions, since these are all mistakes. By allowing them, parents only cause aggression in their child. But all this passes over time, and as a result, the teenager only has positive impressions of the support of his parents. By expressing your own feelings and sensations to your child, you will be able to avoid conflict.

Svetlana Litskevich 01/23/2015 8672

It's not just teenagers who experience adolescence. There are several stages that the child and parents need to overcome.

If an exemplary child suddenly becomes touchy and disobedient, do not rush to punish him. Perhaps he is going through his first puberty.

It is important for parents to know that adolescence is not only a diagnosis of adolescence. In the process of growing up, a person experiences several such periods. Each of them is not easy for both the little person and his loved ones.

Age of first personal awareness

The first puberty happens to the baby already at 1-1.5 years. He is trying to prove to the whole world that he is no longer a baby and has grown out of diapers. Kindness and openness can give way to resentment and aggressiveness. What the baby previously accepted without complaint now causes him irritation and anger. For the first time he begins to feel like a person.

Age of childhood denial

IN 2,5-3 year, the time of “no” begins, when the child becomes stubborn for no apparent reason, and answers exclusively “no” to everything you ask. Even if he loves to walk outside, he may suddenly refuse to leave the house, and his previously beloved vegetable soup will remain cold untouched. He stops sharing toys with peers and tries to take away what belongs to others. Will tell you how to act in a difficult situation child psychologist Natalya Zhuravleva.

1. At this age, attention switches very quickly, and mood changes even faster. Don't want to eat what you've always loved? Don't focus on this. Instead, collect acorns from your yard. And when the child returns and enthusiastically talks about what he will build from them, he will unnoticed eat up the entire lunch.
2. When communicating with children experiencing transitional periods of childhood, the most important thing is do not focus on their disagreement. If the adult does not emphasize that the baby is doing something wrong, everything will go away by itself. Does your child take toys from children? Don't rush to return them to their rightful owners. Children themselves must learn to regulate their relationships. And it’s best if you wait until the offended party responds to aggression: takes the property back or hits or pushes in response. The child will quickly understand that he is wrong.
3. Don't overprotect your child. He wants to express himself as an individual - give him this opportunity. But do not forget to ensure that he does not inadvertently get injured.

Age of first deception

The next difficult period occurs before school - in 6 years. From an open and trusting creature, the baby turns into a little “hedgehog” who argues with everyone, tries to clumsily deceive and be cunning.

Try to spend more time together. Talk about everything that's going on. Especially if you notice the first signs of deception. With his negative actions, the baby “probes the waters.” And if his actions remain unnoticed, undiscovered, he will draw his own conclusions from this. Therefore, be sure to talk to him about all the negative aspects of his behavior. Explain why this is bad, what the consequences may be, try to give examples from life.

When a child goes to school, behavioral problems go away on their own. Adaptation to new conditions requires great effort from him.

Age of touchiness

10-11 years– the age of vulnerability and resentment. The child begins to think that he is given too little time and that no one needs him. Typical phrases: “I’m gone if anyone is interested,” “I’ll call if anyone is interested.” The best you can do is explain that you haven't forgotten about him. Give your child more time.

Age of teenage protest

IN 13-14 years old Hormonal changes are also added to the protest mood of teenagers. For most children, it is of great importance who will be nearby and influence them at this moment. It is important for parents to keep their finger on the pulse, but to do it unobtrusively - any guardianship causes a violent protest in the teenager. Talk more often about how you allow him to do something because you trust him and do not doubt his prudence. This will stimulate his internal responsibility.

Any of the transitional ages of childhood is a difficult period for both the child and the parents. Great patience is required from adults during these periods.

Puberty- this is the process of changes in the body of a teenager, as a result of which he becomes an adult and acquires the ability to procreate. Boys are in adolescence starts at 13-15 years old and ends at 17-19 years old. The hormonal changes that occur during this period determine not only physical changes in the young man’s body, but also affect his social behavior. What should a teenager and his parents know about puberty?

During the transition period, a boy becomes a man

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Puberty is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood. At this time, significant hormonal changes occur, which determines a certain, genetically determined physical development. The term puberty usually refers to the sexual development of a young man, but does not affect the psychological changes that occur during this process. The teenage period actually lasts longer than puberty itself and includes not only physical, but also social maturation.

Physical development due to hormonal changes in the body

The transition period begins for all boys at different ages. On average, the first changes are noted at the age of 13-15 years. For comparison, girls mature earlier and are about 2-3 years ahead of boys. What happens during this period in the body of a young man?

1. The production of GN-RH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) in the hypothalamus increases.
2. Increased in the pituitary gland.
3. The production of sex hormones in the testicles is stimulated.

Thus, the hypothalamus comes into play first. It begins to actively synthesize GN-RH, which in turn leads to increased production of hormones in the pituitary gland subordinate to it and further in the testicles. Increased production of hormones inevitably leads to the launch of certain processes and the onset of sexual development.

Processes occurring in the body of a young man under the influence of hormones:

• Connections are established between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonads.
• The sensitivity of tissues to the action of sex hormones increases.
• There is a gradual maturation of the gonad receptor apparatus.
• The mass of seminiferous tubules increases.
• Sperm maturation occurs in Sertoli cells.

Hormone production leads to sexual development

All these processes occurring in the body of a young man lead to the appearance of certain changes in the body and the formation of secondary sexual characteristics.

Stages of physical development during puberty

2-3 years before the onset of puberty, production increases. This process is called adrenarche. At this time, there is an intensification, which subsequently leads to the launch of other physiological processes. The exact scheme of regulation of adrenarche has not yet been studied, but the influence of some enzymes on this process (cytochrome P450, etc.) has been noted.

During adolescence, a young man’s body changes in several stages:

Enlargement of the external genitalia

The first sign of puberty in boys is considered to be enlarged testicles. In the pre-pubertal period, their sizes remain practically unchanged and are 2-3 cm in length and 1.5-2.5 cm in width. Starting from 12-13 years of age, the testicles increase in size to 4 cm³. After 5-6 years of puberty, the volume of the testicles should be about 20 cm³.

The penis begins to increase in size along with the growth of the testicles. The frequency of erections increases (an increase in the volume of the penis as a result of the filling of the cavernous bodies with blood against the background of sexual arousal). They arise. Normally, wet dreams occur every 2-3 days, but an increase or decrease in their frequency during adolescence should not be considered a pathology. In adult men, wet dreams can be a consequence of prolonged sexual abstinence.

By the age of 14-15, a boy has full-fledged sperm. After the first wet dreams occur, the young man is theoretically ready to become a father. Do not forget about contraception and protection against STIs during this period.

Due to hormonal changes, secondary sexual characteristics are formed

Hair Growth

First of all, hair appears on the pubic area, and this happens soon after the testicles begin to grow. The first hairs appear at the base of the penis. As the hair becomes thicker, it covers the entire pubic area, extends to the hips, appears along the linea alba, and reaches the navel. After 6-18 months, hair begins to grow in the armpits, around the nipples, above the upper lip and on the chin. The sequence and intensity of hair growth is individual and is largely determined by heredity. Not all young men experience hair growth on their chests or other parts of their bodies. Hair continues to grow throughout life and becomes significantly thicker over time.

Voice change

Voice loss occurs under the influence of androgens. Increased synthesis of hormones leads to rapid growth of the larynx, thickening and lengthening of the vocal cords. The young man's voice becomes low. The voice may be unstable for several years. The timbre of the voice is finally established by the age of 15-16 and usually precedes the appearance of facial hair.

Muscle changes

During adolescence, boys grow quickly. Bone length increases and muscle mass increases. The shoulder bones and jaws grow much faster than the rest of the body, which determines the formation of a male figure. The maximum increase in muscle mass is observed a year after the onset of puberty. By the end of puberty, boys have twice as much muscle mass as girls of the same age.

Change in body odor

Inflammatory processes affect the skin of the face and other parts of the body

Under the influence of sex hormones, the composition of fatty acids that make up the structure of sweat changes. Sweating increases and a specific odor occurs. At the same time, there is an increased production of secretions by the sebaceous glands, which leads to an increase in oily skin. The addition of bacteria provokes the development of acne - inflammatory changes on the skin of the face, back, and other parts of the body. After puberty ends, acne goes away on its own in most boys. In some cases, specialist consultation and treatment are required.

Psychological changes during puberty

Hormonal changes affect not only body changes. Significant changes also occur in the mental state of the young man. At the age of about 12 years, there is a significant acceleration in the rate of brain growth, and significant changes in the endocrine system are also noted. Complex relationships between the hypothalamus and other endocrine glands create conditions for increased excitability of some subcortical structures, which leads to a restructuring of nervous activity in adolescents.

According to numerous studies, during the transition period boys experience:

• A decrease in concentration and memory at the beginning of adolescence and some improvement towards the end of puberty.
• Some decrease in mental performance at the age of 14-16 years.
• Disruption of inhibition processes and increased excitability of the central nervous system.

During the transition period, a real hormonal storm rages in the body of a teenager. Due to the rapid growth of the brain, its key structures do not always have time to be adequately supplied with blood, which also affects the mental activity of the young man and determines some aspects of his behavior. It is not surprising that the character of a young man changes. The severity of the changes may vary, but in most cases the following points are noted:

As a result of the restructuring of the body, the character of the boy changes

• Lack of self-confidence, shyness, low self-esteem (often compensated for by excessive aggression).
• Closedness, tendency to depression.
• Nervousness, excessive anxiety.
• Increased aggressiveness, including towards elders.
• Emotional lability. Mood swings and impulsivity are common among boys during puberty.
• Conflict, confrontation with the outside world.
• The emergence of sexual desire, interest in the opposite sex.

Issues of personal relationships are of particular importance for boys. Classmates from strange creatures from another planet suddenly turn into beautiful girls. There is a completely understandable interest in this area of ​​life. The first sexual experience also often occurs at this age. Is it any wonder that a young man’s behavior is constantly changing and almost never meets the expectations of his parents?

Factors influencing puberty

It is impossible to predict in advance when a boy's puberty will begin and how long it will last. The course of puberty is influenced by the following factors:

Precocious sexual development is said to occur when secondary sexual characteristics appear in boys under the age of 9 years. Delayed sexual development is noted if no changes occur at the age of 16 years or older. In any of these situations, you should consult a doctor and find the cause of such deviations.

Advice for parents: how to survive adolescence

Puberty is a difficult time not only for the teenager himself, but also for the people around him. It is difficult to love an awkward, mischievous and sometimes aggressive boy in the same way as a touching, fat-cheeked baby. The boy no longer lies quietly in diapers, hangs out with a construction set, and no longer amazes his parents with his ability to put words into sentences. He is gloomy and gloomy, dissatisfied with life and himself, and constantly provokes conflicts. It is not surprising that teenagers quite often have problems and misunderstandings with their parents, and these difficulties cannot be avoided even in the most loving family.

It is important for parents of a teenage boy to remember: a young man needs care and love no less than a baby, but it just needs to be expressed in a slightly different form. Excessive care for a young man will only harm him and become another annoying factor. Adults need to be there and make it clear with all their behavior that the child can count on them, no matter what happens. And at the same time, it is necessary to give the teenager the opportunity to express himself, self-actualize, find his place in life and take a certain position among his peers. Finding a balance between freedom and care is what is important for parents whose son has entered the difficult period of puberty.

During adolescence, it is important for parents to find a balance between freedom and care

Some tips:

1. Direct the young man's energy in a useful direction. Offer him an activity in which he will feel needed. This could be a part-time job in your free time, helping with a family business, playing sports or some hobby. It is important that the young person has the opportunity to choose, because acting under pressure is unlikely to be effective.
2. Give the young man personal space. Ideally, this should be a separate room where an adult will not barge in without warning. If this is not possible, you should at least fence off your teenager’s own corner in the common room. You should not encroach on his personal belongings or eavesdrop on conversations with friends. Total control will not promote a good relationship and will only turn your teenager against you.
3. Avoid unnecessary criticism. Remember that teenagers take everything very seriously, especially when it comes to appearance or relationships with girls. Express your dissatisfaction in the correct form and do not forget to praise your young man.
4. Be interested in his life. Unobtrusively ask how he is doing at school. Be aware of what he is interested in, what issues interest him. Don't meddle in your personal life, but also be completely aloof. This will help you not only become a trusted person for a teenager, but will also allow you to replace negative changes in time if the young man gets involved with bad company or gets into trouble.
5. Recognize him as a person. Allow the young man to realize his inclinations and choose his own path in life. Remember that he is not an extension of you, but an independent person, and has the right to his personal opinion. Allow him to make his mistakes and draw his own conclusions from what happened where it does not pose a serious danger to health and life.

Remember that adolescence does not last forever. Sooner or later, the awkward young man will become a grown man, and you will only have to remember this difficult, but fascinating time in its own way.

FAQ, or frequently asked questions

At what age is it time to worry about signs of physical changes?

It is worth talking about delayed sexual development if by the age of 15-16 the young man has not developed a single secondary sexual characteristic (growth of the genital organs, hair growth on the pubis, in the armpits, on the face, change in voice). In this situation, you should contact an andrologist.

At what age do boys stop growing?

Maximum growth is observed in boys aged 14-16 years. At this time, the young man almost reaches the final mark of his growth, but the process does not end there. Slow increases are observed up to 20-22 years (according to some data up to 25 years) - until the growth zones are completely closed.

Is it true that acne will “go away on its own” as soon as a young man begins to be sexually active?

This popular belief has no scientific basis. For most teenagers, acne goes away by the end of puberty, that is, by the age of 17-19, and the intensity of sexual activity does not affect this process in any way.

Are dietary changes necessary after adolescence?

A teenager's diet should be balanced in essential elements and vitamins. A teenager's diet should include red meat, fresh vegetables and fruits in season. Usually, during the transition period, boys develop an appetite, so there are no significant problems with this. It is only important to limit the share of fast food and fast carbohydrates so as not to provoke weight problems and metabolic disorders.

When will this nightmare end?

Everything passes, and this too will pass. By the age of 17-19, the hormonal storm subsides, and the young man enters a new stage of his life. By this age, secondary sexual characteristics reach their maximum development. The condition of the skin improves, acne goes away. The psycho-emotional state also normalizes at the end of adolescence.

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